ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2026
The Role of Ethnicity and Migration in Perinatal Inequalities: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The role of poverty-related social determinants in maternal and perinatal health inequities: a cross-sectional study using the eLIXIR born in South London, UK maternity-child data linkage.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Navigating No Recourse to Public Funds and NHS maternity charging: health and social care professionals' experiences of supporting pregnant women in the UK.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine ethnic disparities in perinatal outcomes and the role of migration factors.
designRetrospective cohort.
settingTwo maternity services in South London, UK. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Women birthing singleton infants between 24 and 43 weeks' gestation (2018-2023).
methodsLinked electronic health records were analysed using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) with Poisson distribution to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by ethnicity, migration, interpreter need, and country-of-origin income, adjusting for socioeconomic deprivation and medical risk.
main outcome measuresEmergency caesarean, haemorrhage, preterm birth, low birthweight, low Apgar score, stillbirth or neonatal death.
resultsAmong 44 634 births, compared with White women, emergency caesarean risk was higher for Asian (aRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.30, p < 0.001) and Black women (1.16, 1.10-1.23, p < 0.001). Haemorrhage was higher for Asian women (1.12, 1.02-1.23, p = 0.021), those needing interpretation (1.16, 1.06-1.27, p < 0.001), and lower for Mixed ethnicity women (0.86, 0.74-0.99, p = 0.038). Infants of Black women had elevated risks of preterm birth (1.23, 1.13-1.34, p < 0.001), low birthweight (1.74, 1.60-1.89, p < 0.001), low Apgar (2.06, 1.71-2.48, p < 0.001), and stillbirth/neonatal death (1.57, 1.21-2.05, p < 0.001). Asian infants had increased risks of preterm birth (1.19, 1.07-1.33, p = 0.002) and low birthweight (1.69, 1.52-1.87, p < 0.001). Foreign-born women had lower risks of low birthweight (0.71, 0.62-0.81, p < 0.001) but higher risks of low Apgar (1.24, 1.06-1.46, p = 0.009) and stillbirth/neonatal death (1.33, 1.07-1.65, p = 0.011). Risks were highest for ethnic minority, foreign-born women, though effect sizes were modest.
conclusionsEthnic minority and foreign-born women, particularly from LMICs or needing interpreters, face elevated risks with modest clinical impact.
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