ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2026
CAI Score for the Diagnosis of Central Adrenal Insufficiency.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- CAI Score for the Diagnosis of Central Adrenal Insufficiency.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Diagnosing central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) is challenging in patients with inconclusive morning cortisol (4-18 µg/dL). Dynamic tests like the short Synacthen test (SST) are imperfect, necessitating reliable tools to stratify CAI risk and reduce diagnostic delays. Objective: To develop and validate a predictive scoring system integrating clinical, biochemical, and imaging variables for CAI diagnosis in patients with indeterminate morning cortisol levels. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 341 adults with suspected CAI and indeterminate morning cortisol. CAI was confirmed via SST (peak cortisol <18 µg/dL). Multivariate analysis identified key predictors for the CAI score, including morning cortisol, pituitary hormone deficits, tumor size, and treatment history. A machine learning model was also developed to enhance the prediction accuracy. Results: Lower morning cortisol (6.27 vs 10.29 µg/dL, Conclusion: The CAI score improves diagnostic accuracy in ambiguous cases of suspected CAI by integrating morning serum cortisol with key clinical parameters. As morning serum cortisol and SST have limitations in CAI, the CAI score may act as a supportive rather than a standalone tool in the evaluation of patients for CAI.
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