Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41608118›Full record

ReviewJournal of human immunity2026

How I Treat: Infections and inborn errors of immunity-Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Alexandra F Freeman, Beth K Thielen, Tamara C Pozos

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of human immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Alexandra F FreemanLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-8345
Beth K ThielenDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-0241
Tamara C PozosDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MD, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-8763

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Prevention of infections relies on knowledge of the specific pathogen susceptibility of the IEI to then consider antimicrobial prophylaxis, immune modulation, and/or environmental measures. In addition, complications of IEI include bronchiectasis, which can lead to more infections due to disruption of mucociliary clearance; suppression of chronic infections and airway clearance measures are important parts of bronchiectasis management. We discuss some infections that are challenging to diagnose for patients with distinct IEI and how partnership with the microbiology laboratory can lead to more prompt diagnosis and specific management. Finally, the increasing ability to identify the molecular basis of IEI facilitates precise immunomodulation, which can attenuate the infection burden of these diseases yet can also add unique infection risks depending on the specific therapy.

Identifiers

PMID41608118
PMCPMC12829740

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.