Factors Contributing to Dental Implants Displacement inside the Maxillary Sinus and Their Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Backgrounds: Dental implants are often utilized to replace missing teeth in the maxillary posterior region. Following tooth extraction, bone grafting, and implant placement are carried out in stages. However, in medical procedures errors are inevitable; therefore, measures should be taken to address and reduce these errors in future treatments. Methods: Implants displaced inside the maxillary sinus were reviewed to identify the best techniques for retrieving them. We conducted a comprehensive search in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to January 2023. Inclusion criteria were original studies including original cohorts, case-controls, and clinical trials that evaluated methods of retrieving displaced maxillary implants. Results: Overall, 258 publications were identified. After elimination of duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria, full texts of 24 articles were reviewed. Of the 120 displaced implants, 57 were dislocated during surgery. The most common complication following implant displacement is maxillary sinusitis, which typically manifests a year post-op. Conclusion: Displacement of implants in the maxillary sinus is a common occurrence caused by a variety of factors. Implant displacement could lead to complications in the maxillary sinuses, paranasal sinuses, and other adjacent anatomical spaces and structures.