ArticleWorld journal of psychiatry2026
Sustained anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of botulinum toxin A in blepharospasm patients beyond motor symptom control.
Article in World journal of psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe previous studies have primarily focused on the influence of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection on emotions during the period of peak motor symptom improvement in blepharospasm patients, based on facial feedback hypothesis.
aimTo evaluate the sustained anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of BoNT-A in blepharospasm patients beyond motor symptom control.
methodsWe recruited benign essential blepharospasm patients with BoNT-A treatment and collected their data to compare scale scores of Jankovic Rating Scale, Blepharospasm Disability Index, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale between pre-treatment (baseline) and pre-reinjection (treatment), to further assess the effects of repeated treatments with BoNT by using sub-group analyses in the certain special states.
resultsA total of 21 eligible blepharospasm patients were with the mean age of 58.4 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:6. Significantly decreases in the subscale scores of SDS and SAS, including SDS well-being index, decreased capacity and hard to decide, SAS inability to sit still and headache were showed at post-a single BoNT-A injection when scale scores of Jankovic Rating Scale and Blepharospasm Disability Index were matched between baseline and post-treatment. With each additional BoNT-A injection, the odds ratio of patients with the moderate depressive symptoms decreased by 92.6%. Moreover, BoNT treatment remained a decrease in the subscale scores of SDS and SAS in patients with repeated injections.
conclusionThis study is to demonstrate that repeated BoNT-A injection have a long-lasting relief for anxiety and depressive symptoms in blepharospasm even after its motor symptom-modulating effects have diminished.
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