Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41607410›Full record

ArticleJGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology2026

Effect of Butyrate-Producing Enterobacteria and Proton Pump Inhibitors on Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment With Durvalumab and Tremelimumab.

Kazuhiro Nouso, Akiko Wakuta, Shohei Shiota, Rio Fujita, Kazuya Kariyama, Atsushi Hiraoka, Masanori Atsukawa, Joji Tani, Toshifumi Tada, Shinichiro Nakamura and 25 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors.

Kazuhiro NousoDepartment of Gastroenterology Okayama City Hospital Okayama Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-0008
Akiko WakutaDepartment of Gastroenterology Okayama City Hospital Okayama Japan.
Shohei ShiotaDepartment of Gastroenterology Okayama City Hospital Okayama Japan.
Rio FujitaDepartment of Gastroenterology Okayama City Hospital Okayama Japan.
Kazuya KariyamaDepartment of Gastroenterology Okayama City Hospital Okayama Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-7502
Atsushi HiraokaGastroenterology Center Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital Matsuyama Ehime Japan.
Masanori AtsukawaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3374-7111
Joji TaniDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kagawa University Kita gun Kagawa Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8801-2505
Toshifumi TadaDepartment of Internal Medicine Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital Himeji Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-6761
Shinichiro NakamuraDepartment of Internal Medicine Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital Himeji Japan.
Kazuto TajiriDepartment of Gastroenterology Toyama University Hospital Toyama Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8601
Masaki KaiboriDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery Kansai Medical University Hirakata Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0577-3921
Masashi HirookaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Metabology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-5313
Ei ItobayashiDepartment of Gastroenterology Asahi General Hospital Asahi Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-2819
Satoru KakizakiDepartment of Clinical Research NHO Takasaki General Medical Center Takasaki Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-7093
Atsushi NaganumaDepartment of Gastroenterology NHO Takasaki General Medical Center Takasaki Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-0102
Toru IshikawaDepartment of Gastroenterology Saiseikai Niigata Hospital Niigata Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-9694
Michitaka ImaiDepartment of Internal Medicine Niigata Cancer Center Hospital Niigata Japan.
Tomoko AokiDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai University Faculty of Medicine Osaka Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9950-4553
Hironori TanakaDepartment of Gastroenterology Takarazuka City Hospital Takarazuka Hyogo Japan.
Takeshi HatanakaDepartment of Gastroenterology Gunma Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital Maebashi Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3656-285X
Kunihiko TsujiGastroenterology Center, Teine Keijinkai Hospital Sapporo Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4152-9364
Kazuhito KawataHepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-8578
Koichi TakaguchiDepartment of Hepatology Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Takamatsu Japan.
Akemi TsutsuiDepartment of Hepatology Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Takamatsu Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-2723
Chikara OgawaDepartment of Gastroenterology Japanese Red Cross Takamatsu Hospital Takamatsu Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-6692
Hironori OchiCenter for Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Disease Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital Matsuyama Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1961-0899
Yutaka YataDepartment of Gastroenterology Hanwa Memorial Hospital Osaka Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4592-3509
Hidekatsu KurodaDepartment of Gastroenterology Iwate Medical University Iwate Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-1087
Tomomitsu MatonoDepartment of Gastroenterology Hyogo Prefectural Harima-Himeji General Medical Center Himeji Japan.
Satoshi YasudaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ogaki Municipal Hospital Ogaki Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-2414
Hidenori ToyodaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ogaki Municipal Hospital Ogaki Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1652-6168
Hiroko IijimaDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology Hyogo Medical University Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
Masatoshi KudoDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai University Faculty of Medicine Osaka Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-3474
Takashi KumadaDepartment of Nursing Gifu Kyoritsu University Ogaki Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2211-495X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aim: The gut microbiome modulates immune responses, and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to improved immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy. Conversely, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may negatively impact ICI outcomes by altering gut microbiota. This study aims to elucidate their effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study included 208 HCC patients treated with durvalumab plus tremelimumab at 25 hospitals in Japan. Patients were classified into a butyric acid group ( Results: No significant OS differences were observed between the butyric acid and non-butyric acid groups ( Conclusion: Neither butyrate-producing bacteria nor PPI use significantly influenced the efficacy of durvalumab plus tremelimumab in HCC. The liver's immunotolerant microenvironment may limit the impact of microbiome modulation on ICI efficacy.

Indexed as

butyrate‐producing bacteriagut microbiomehepatocellular carcinomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapyproton pump inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID41607410
PMCPMC12835547

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.