Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41607347›Full record

ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2026

Gene regulatory programs underlying diversification of facial ligaments and tendons in zebrafish.

Ryan R Roberts, Arshia Bhojwani, Kuo-Chang Tseng, Kelsey Elliott, Hung-Jhen Chen, Lauren Teubner, Desmarie Sherwood, Joanna Smeeton, Cameron L Miller, Pavan K Nayak and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ryan R RobertsDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Arshia BhojwaniDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Kuo-Chang TsengDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Kelsey ElliottDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Hung-Jhen ChenDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Lauren TeubnerDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Desmarie SherwoodDepartment of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Joanna SmeetonDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Cameron L MillerDepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-7407-0698
Pavan K NayakDepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4360-6729
Arul SubramanianDepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8455-6804
Thomas F SchillingDepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1798-8695
Amy E MerrillDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
J Gage CrumpDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3209-0026

Funding

THE ROLE OF ATROPHIN-2 IN CARTILAGE PATTERNING AND POLARITY IN ZEBRAFISHR01DE013828 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI SCHILLING, THOMAS F · 2001 to 2025
$9.1M
Progenitor Regulation in Craniofacial Development and RegenerationR35DE027550 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CRUMP, GAGE D · 2017 to 2024
$8.0M
Training in Developmental Biology, Stem Cells and RegenerationT32HD060549 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Gage D Crump · 2011 to 2026
$2.5M
Deciphering multi-scale differentiation and patterning cues driving whole craniofacial joint regenerationDP2DE032725 · NIDCR · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SMEETON, JOANNA MARJORIE · 2022 to 2025
$2.5M
Regulating Skeletal Connectivity in Craniofacial Development and DiseaseR35DE034346 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Amy E Merrill · 2024 to 2026
$2.3M
Developmental regulation of tendon-bone connectivity in the jawR01DE029850 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI MERRILL, AMY E · 2021 to 2024
$1.8M
Role of LGR+ connective tissue progenitors in TMJ developmentR01DE033893 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Gage D Crump, Amy E Merrill · 2024 to 2026
$1.5M
MAXIMUS: MAXimizing Training in MUScle ResearchT32AR083870 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI TAHSEEN MOZAFFAR, Sergio Armando Villalta · 2024 to 2026
$577k
California Institute for Regenerative MedicineCalifornia Institute for Regenerative Medicine EDUC4-12756Directorate for Biological Sciences MCB2028424National Science Foundation MCB2028424National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program N/ANIAMS NIH HHS R01AR67797NIAMS NIH HHS T32 AR083870NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD060549NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE013828NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE029850NIDCR NIH HHS R01DE033893NIDCR NIH HHS R01DE13828NIDCR NIH HHS R01DE30565NIDCR NIH HHS R35 DE027550NIDCR NIH HHS R35DE027550NIDCR NIH HHS R35 DE034346NIDCR NIH HHS R35DE034346NIH HHS DP2DE032725NIH HHS R01AR67797NIH HHS R01DE033893NIH HHS R01DE13828NIH HHS R01DE30565NIH HHS R35DE027550NIH HHS R35DE034346NIH Office of the Director DP2DE032725University of Southern California
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Whereas ligaments hold skeletal elements together, tendons bridge the musculature with the skeleton. How connective tissues of the right type and function are specified in distinct regions of the developing body remains unclear. Here, we have generated single-cell datasets of RNA expression and chromatin accessibility for scxa:mCherry+ connective tissues of the developing zebrafish face. We identified cell clusters corresponding to tendon, ligament, periligament, perichondrium and other types, as well as tendon and ligament subtypes with an osteogenic signature that may explain the remodeling of ligament-bone interfaces and the formation of sesamoid bones. We further identified several enhancers driving spatially restricted transgenic activity in ligaments, periligament tissue and other connective tissues. By utilizing a ligament-specific photoconvertible nlsEOS transgenic line, we revealed directional growth of ligaments. In addition, we found that nkx3.2 is expressed within the joint-proximal domain of the major jaw-stabilizing ligament, with this domain being lost in nkx3.2 mutants. Our study reveals distinct gene regulatory programs for jaw connective tissue diversification and provides a mechanism underlying the propensity of tendons and ligaments to ossify in normal and pathological contexts.

Indexed as

FaceGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalLigamentsTendonsZebrafishAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedHomeodomain ProteinsTranscription FactorsZebrafish ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsTranscription FactorsZebrafish ProteinsJawLigamentNkx3.2Single-cell genomicsTendonZebrafish

Identifiers

PMID41607347
PMCPMC12912267

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.