Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41607346›Full record

ArticleHistopathology2026

Aquaporin-1 differentiates intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from liver metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Leoncini Giuseppe, Barella Marco, Droz Dit Busset Michele, Gentili Marco, Bodini Beatrice, Ronchetti Simona, Cari Luigi, Mazzaferro Vincenzo

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Article in Histopathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Leoncini GiuseppeFirst Pathology Division, Department of Services and Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-7635
Barella MarcoFirst Pathology Division, Department of Services and Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-9101
Droz Dit Busset MicheleHPB Surgery, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-6828
Gentili MarcoTumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-4488
Bodini BeatriceFirst Pathology Division, Department of Services and Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1094-179X
Ronchetti SimonaPharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-4243
Cari LuigiPharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0698-3872
Mazzaferro VincenzoHPB Surgery, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-8085

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsDifferentiating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) from metastatic ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (mPDAC) is challenging due to commonalities in histology and phenotype. Currently, available biomarkers are not completely satisfactory in supporting such differential diagnosis. The present study aims to evaluate aquaporin (AQP)-1 as a reliable biliary biomarker. METHODS AND

resultsA total of 151 pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas, including 77 surgical resections and 74 needle biopsies, were considered, including 84 CCA and 67 PDAC. Immunohistochemistry was performed in two steps: (1) primary tumours, including CCA and PDAC, were compared; (2) data from primary tumours were subsequently validated on needle biopsies, comparing iCCA and mPDAC. The staining was examined according to the immunoreactive score (IRS). On surgical resections, our evaluation showed a mean IRS value of 11.07 in iCCA and 0.7 in PDAC; likewise, on needle biopsies, a mean IRS value of 10.54 in iCCA and 0.97 in mPDAC was observed. Combining surgical resections and needle biopsies, the mean IRS value resulted in 10.76 in iCCA; conversely, it was 0.84 in PDAC. Overall, the ROC curves showed the AQP1 diagnostic performance to be characterized by an AUC of 0.999, being a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95.45%.

conclusionsAQP1 is a novel biliary biomarker which has been shown to outperform other biliary biomarkers. The main diagnostic scenario in which AQP1 staining should be used is to distinguish iCCA from mPDAC. Furthermore, differential diagnosis between eCCA and PDAC in surgical specimens and between PDAC and CP in needle biopsies should be considered.

Indexed as

Aquaporin 1Bile Duct NeoplasmsBiomarkers, TumorCarcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalCholangiocarcinomaLiver NeoplasmsPancreatic NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansImmunohistochemistryMaleMiddle AgedAQP1 protein, humanAquaporin 1Biomarkers, Tumoraquaporin‐1differential diagnosisintrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaliver metastasespancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Identifiers

PMID41607346
PMCPMC13128327

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.