Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41607156›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2026

Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Depression-Related Cytokines in Thalassemia Patients: Molecular and Cellular Evaluation.

Mohammed N Salman, Fouad Razzaq Al-Burki, Hazim Ali Hussein, Laith A Younus, Fadhil A Nasser, Hasanain A A Almohseni

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mohammed N SalmanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kufa, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-7772
Fouad Razzaq Al-BurkiDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kufa, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5016-5194
Hazim Ali HusseinDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kufa, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-2729
Laith A YounusDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kufa, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-9543
Fadhil A NasserDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kufa, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3157-7764
Hasanain A A AlmohseniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kufa, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9730-452X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEpigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenolic compound found in Winged Marigold and Green tea. It exhibits well-established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. EGCG has been shown to suppress the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. However, its effect on inflammation-related cytokines associated with depression in β-thalassemia patients remains incompletely understood.

methodsFive peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from β-thalassemia patients were selected for this study in order to demonstrate how EGCG affects the inflammatory state in thalassemic individuals. EGCG was extracted from Winged Marigold using an ethanol-based method, and its purity was confirmed using HPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses. PBMCs were treated with ethanolic solvent alone (control) or with EGCG at concentrations of 5, 25, and 50 μM. Cell viability was assessed and compared with untreated controls, and cytokine gene expression was evaluated using RT-qPCR.

resultsEGCG exhibited a statistically significant cytotoxic effect at concentrations above 10 μM (p < 0.005), with highly significant effects observed at 25 and 50 μM (p < 0.001). Increasing EGCG concentrations up to 50 μM resulted in a significant reduction in cytokine gene expression, with p-values ranging from < 0.001 to < 0.05.

conclusionEGCG significantly reduces the expression of depression-related inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs derived from β-thalassemia patients. These findings suggest that EGCG may have a potential modulatory role in inflammatory pathways associated with depression in thalassemia, although dose-dependent cytotoxic effects should be carefully considered.

Indexed as

beta-ThalassemiaCatechinCytokinesDepressionThalassemiaAdultCell SurvivalFemaleHumansLeukocytes, MononuclearMaleCatechinCytokinesepigallocatechin gallatecytokinesepigallocatechingenethalassemiaWinged Marigold

Identifiers

PMID41607156
PMCPMC12951104

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.