Genetic and environmental regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal responsiveness in petunia: Implications for breeding and trait selection.

J Brandes, R Halitschke, K Fischer, I T Baldwin, P Franken

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

J BrandesErfurt Research Centre for Horticultural Crops (FGK), Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Erfurt, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-2159

R HalitschkeDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-8782

K FischerLeibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany.

I T BaldwinDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.

P FrankenErfurt Research Centre for Horticultural Crops (FGK), Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Erfurt, Germany.

Funding

Thüringer Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Digitale Gesellschaft

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi enhance plant nutrition and stress tolerance, yet their agricultural use remains limited because symbiotic outcomes are unpredictable. Mycorrhizal responsiveness (AM-responsiveness)-the host's growth response to AMF inoculation-offers a potential breeding target. We investigated variation in AM-responsiveness among Petunia hybrida, P. axillaris, P. exserta and P. inflata, and explored its genetic and environmental determinants. Plants were inoculated with Rhizoglomus irregulare and analysed for biomass, AMF colonization, phosphate uptake, phosphate transporter expression and accumulation of the foliar biomarker 11-carboxyblumenol C-glucoside. Species differed strongly in colonization intensity, biomass and biomarker accumulation. Based on contrasting AM-responses between P. axillaris and P. exserta, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from these parents was used to assess AM-responsiveness as a quantitative trait under variable environmental conditions. The RILs showed transgressive segregation for biomass responses, confirming a heritable component, while strong genotype × environment (G × E) interactions demonstrated environmental dependency. These results highlight AM-responsiveness as a genetic trait suitable for breeding but emphasize the need to account for environmental variation. Foliar blumenols proved effective non-destructive indicators of colonization, supporting their potential in high-throughput screening for mycorrhizal traits.

Indexed as

MycorrhizaePetuniaBiomassEnvironmentGene-Environment InteractionGlomeromycotaPhosphatesPlant BreedingSymbiosisPhosphatesarbuscular mycorrhizal fungiblumenolGxE Interactionlight intensitymycorrhizal responsivenessPetunia axillarisPetunia exsertaPetunia hybridaPetunia inflataphosphatephotoperiodRhizoglomus irregulare

Identifiers

PMID41607111

DOI10.1111/plb.70185

PMCPMC13175955

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.