Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41606647›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026

Singlet oxygen-precharged injectable hydrogel triggers ferroptosis and lactate metabolism reprogramming for enhanced colorectal cancer immunotherapy.

Hao Zhang, Xiaoyu Song, Leilei Zhao, Chenlong Wang, Shen Chen, Yinghui Wang, Li Zhang, Fangyi Xu, Hongjie Zhang, Qilong Wang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hao Zhang *Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiang Su, China.
Xiaoyu Song *Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiang Su, China.
Leilei Zhao *Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiang Su, China.
Chenlong WangDepartment of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiang Su, China.
Shen ChenDepartment of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiang Su, China.
Yinghui WangState Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin Province, China.
Li ZhangDepartment of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiang Su, China.
Fangyi XuDepartment of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiang Su, China.
Hongjie ZhangState Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin Province, China. hongjie@ciac.ac.cn.
Qilong WangDepartment of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiang Su, China. qlwang@njmu.edu.cn.
Chao LuoDepartment of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiang Su, China. hayylch@njmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit JSDW202233National Natural Science Foundation of China 82272683Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20231235Program of Science and Technology Development Foundation of Nanjing Medical University NMUB20240107Technology Innovation Team Project YCT202307
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds significant potential for tumor treatment, yet its immunotherapeutic efficacy is severely constrained by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) marked by lactate accumulation, hypoxia, and glutathione (GSH) overexpression. To overcome these limitations, we engineered an injectable hydrogel system (FPH@A/C) that synergistically integrates oxygen-independent PDT, ferroptosis activation, and lactate metabolic reprogramming to remodel immunosuppressive TME and potentiate antitumor immunity. The hydrogel comprises singlet oxygen-preloaded iron-based nanoparticles (FPH), lithium carbonate (LC), and sodium alginate (ALG), rapidly crosslinking into a stable matrix when encountering physiological Ca²⁺ concentration for localized therapeutic delivery. Within TME, GSH-triggered FPH degradation releases Fe²⁺ and pre-stored singlet oxygen, enabling chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photo-independent PDT to induce tumor ferroptosis. Simultaneously, LC reprograms lactate-a metabolic byproduct-into an energy substrate for CD8⁺ T cells, counteracting lactate-driven immunosuppression. Notably, combining FPH@A/C with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy demonstrates synergistic effects, robustly enhancing dendritic cell maturation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration. This multifunctional platform establishes a novel paradigm for colorectal cancer immunotherapy by concurrently addressing metabolic constraints and immune evasion mechanisms.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsFerroptosisHydrogelsImmunotherapyLactic AcidSinglet OxygenAnimalsCell Line, TumorHumansIronMetabolic ReprogrammingMiceNanoparticlesPhotochemotherapyTumor MicroenvironmentHydrogelsIronLactic AcidSinglet OxygenFerroptosisImmune microenvironmentInjectable hydrogelsLactate metabolismPhotodynamic therapy

Identifiers

PMID41606647
PMCPMC12924412

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.