Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41606444›Full record

ArticleJournal of forensic sciences2026

The scent of death: A case study for volatile markers of decomposition on a concrete floor.

Alexis Hecker, Anna Painter, John Goodpaster

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of forensic sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Alexis HeckerForensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Anna PainterMichigan City Police Department, Michigan City, Indiana, USA.
John GoodpasterForensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released during human decomposition are chemically diverse and can provide forensic evidence indicating the prior presence of a corpse. In July 2023, the Michigan City Police Department received a report from an individual claiming to have murdered his roommate and stored the body in a basement cellar for 57 days before dismemberment and disposal. Concrete core samples from the basement were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME GC-MS). Three concrete samples contained six VOCs that are known to originate from the decomposition process. This leads to the conclusion that the decomposing body of someone or something was present in the room for enough time for the decomposition VOCs to collect on, in, and under the floor. This case represents the first successful legal introduction of VOC analysis evidence from concrete substrates within the State of Indiana.

Indexed as

Construction MaterialsFloors and FloorcoveringsOdorantsPostmortem ChangesVolatile Organic CompoundsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryHomicideHumansMaleSolid Phase MicroextractionVolatile Organic Compoundsconcrete substratedecompositiongas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)solid phase microextraction (SPME)volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Identifiers

PMID41606444
PMCPMC13139789

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.