Influence of solution efficiency and valence of instruction on additive and subtractive solution strategies in humans, GPT-4, and GPT-4o.

Lydia Uhler, Verena Jordan, Jürgen Buder, Markus Huff, Frank Papenmeier

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Communications psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Influence of solution efficiency and valence of instruction on additive and subtractive solution strategies in humans, GPT-4, and GPT-4o.Communications psychology · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lydia UhlerDepartment of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. lydia.uhler@uni-muenster.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4619-3092

Verena JordanDepartment of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Jürgen BuderLeibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-3487

Markus HuffDepartment of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1433-4656

Frank PapenmeierDepartment of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-9658

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligences, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), increasingly influence human decision-making, making it essential to understand how cognitive biases are reproduced or amplified in these systems. Building on evidence of the human "addition bias" - a preference for additive over subtractive problem-solving strategies

Identifiers

PMID41606372

DOI10.1038/s44271-026-00403-0

PMCPMC12954086

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.