The emerging role of fatty acids as key bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in alleviating tumor progression.

Ganoderma lucidum, long revered as a divine fungus in traditional medicine, has garnered significant attention for its therapeutic potential. Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO) is an oil-like substance extracted from cracked Ganoderma lucidum spores using supercritical CO₂ extraction technology. This unique extract contains various fat-soluble bioactive components, including triglycerides, fatty acids, sterols, triterpenes, vitamins, and trace elements. Extensive studies have demonstrated that GLSO exhibits immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties, as well as notable regulatory effects on tumor progression. Based on research into the pharmacologically active substances in GLSO, we hypothesize that fatty acids may be among the key bioactive components responsible for its therapeutic effects. This paper summarizes the bioactive constituents of GLSO and their relative content, and employs network pharmacology and molecular docking to screen potential targets of GLSO in tumor treatment, aiming to provide scientific evidence for its further research, development, and application.