ArticleScientific reports2026
Removal of carmineusing red mud-supported ZVI materials.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The industrial waste red mud was used as the iron source, and economical and environmentally friendly anthracite was used as the reducing agent to prepare red mud-supported zero-valent iron (RA@ZVI) composite materials by the carbothermal reduction method. The system evaluated the effects of the preparation conditions and removal conditions of RA@ZVI material on the degradation effect of carmine. The experimental results show that under the conditions of anthracite with a ratio of 35%, calcination at 1000 °C for 60 min, the prepared RA@ZVI material with a RA@ZVI dosage of 0.5 g/L, an initial carmine concentration of 50 mg/L, a solution pH value of 3, and a reaction temperature of 25 °C, the carmine removal rate is close to 100%. The material characterization results reveal that the high efficiency of RA@ZVI stems from its unique physicochemical properties. XRD analysis confirmed that a higher calcination temperature (1000 °C) effectively promoted the reduction of iron oxides in red mud to ZVI. SEM-EDS analysis indicated that micrometer-sized and well-dispersed zero-valent iron particles were formed in the prepared RA@ZVI material. Mechanism research has confirmed through free radical capture experiments that in the degradation process of carmine, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide radicals (·O
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