Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41606010›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Evidence incriminating Anopheles maculatus as a potential vector of Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium inui.

Boni F Sebayang, Bram van de Straat, Ahadi Kurniawan, Triwibowo A Garjito, Adzkia M Haq, Jacob A F Westaway, Inke N D Lubis, Matthew J Grigg, Tanya L Russell, Thomas R Burkot

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Boni F SebayangAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia. bonisebayang@gmail.com.
Bram van de StraatAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
Ahadi KurniawanMedan Public Health Laboratory Center, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia.
Triwibowo A GarjitoVector-borne and Zoonotic Research Group, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, Health Research Organization, BRIN, Salatiga, Indonesia.
Adzkia M HaqFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
Jacob A F WestawayMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
Inke N D LubisFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
Matthew J GriggMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
Tanya L RussellAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
Thomas R BurkotAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In Indonesia, 29 anopheline species are vectors of human malarias. Many of these morphologically indistinguishable vectors are in species complexes requiring molecular analysis to identify. Data on vectors in North Sumatra remain limited. This study investigated mosquitoes of the Maculatus Subgroup in Ujung Bandar Village, Langkat Regency, to identify them and their potential roles in malaria transmission. Mosquitoes collected via human landing catches (July 2022 - June 2023) were analysed using ITS2 PCR assays and a phylogenetic analysis. Screening for Plasmodium DNA was performed on mosquito heads and thoraces using RT-qPCR targeting the 18S rRNA, followed by species-specific nested PCR. All 234 specimens morphologically identified An. maculatus s.l. were confirmed as An. maculatus s.s., being genetically consistent with populations from Indonesia and mainland Southeast Asia. Four (1.7%; 95% CI: 0.5-4.3%) An. maculatus specimens were positive for Plasmodium genus DNA, with one specimen positive for the DNA of both Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium inui. This represents the first detection of zoonotic malaria parasite DNA in wild-caught An. maculatus. These findings suggest that An. maculatus may be a potential vector of both zoonotic and human malarias in North Sumatra.

Indexed as

AnophelesMalariaMosquito VectorsPlasmodiumPlasmodium knowlesiAnimalsHumansIndonesiaPhylogenyRNA, Ribosomal, 18SRNA, Ribosomal, 18SAnopheles maculatusNorth sumatraPlasmodium knowlesiZoonotic malaria

Identifiers

PMID41606010
PMCPMC12909980

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.