Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41605949›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Allylrhodanine-processed all-small-molecule organic solar cell achieves an 18.43% efficiency breakthrough.

Duoling Cao, Lian Zhong, Zhe Sun, Jintong Sun, Huyen Thi Le Mai, Jinyuan Zhang, Jingjing Zhao, Qianguang Yang, Weijie Ding, Zhipeng Kan and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Duoling CaoZhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.
Lian ZhongZhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China. zhonglian@tzc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-7417-1603
Zhe SunDepartment of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
Jintong SunZhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.
Huyen Thi Le MaiDepartment of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
Jinyuan ZhangBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jingjing ZhaoSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Qianguang YangZhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.
Weijie DingZhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.
Zhipeng KanSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1378-541X
Changduk YangDepartment of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea. yang@unist.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-4681
Jing LiChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China. jingli@cigit.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7723-0130
Shirong LuZhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China. lushirong@tzc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-1082

Funding

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) E4226101National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 52473318National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62304149Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation) LY24E030008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Solid additives (SAs) improve organic solar cells (OSCs) morphology and performance, yet, their efficiency in all-small-molecule (ASM) OSCs is limited by strong donor-acceptor crystallinity, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, structurally resembling the MPhS-C2 donor, 3-allylrhodanine (3-AR) as a SA enables precise control over the active layer morphology. Interesting, combined theoretical calculations and thin-film morphology analyses reveal 3-AR preferentially interacts with acceptor N3, thereby directing morphology evolution. Moreover, 3-AR effectively narrows the film formation window, suppressing lateral over-aggregation and crystallization, while promoting vertical donor-acceptor homogeneity. This optimized morphology synergistically facilitates efficient charge dissociation and collection, suppresses both bimolecular and trap-assisted recombination, and extends the lifetimes of excitons and charge carriers. Therefore, the 3-AR-treated MPhS-C2:N3 device achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.43% (certified 18.16%)-the highest reported for binary ASM-OSCs. This work shows additive efficacy is governed by balanced selective interactions, not by simplistic structural similarity.

Identifiers

PMID41605949
PMCPMC12953913

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.