Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41605934›Full record

ArticleScientific data2026

Skin tone and clinical dataset from a prospective trial on acute care patients.

Sicheng Hao, Joao Matos, Katelyn Dempsey, Mahmoud Alwakeel, Jared Houghtaling, Chuan Hong, Judy Gichoya, Warren Kibbe, Michael Pencina, Christopher E Cox and 1 more

Abstract readDataset
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sicheng HaoDuke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-005X
Joao MatosDuke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Katelyn DempseyDuke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Mahmoud AlwakeelDuke University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Division of Translational Biomedical Informatics, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-4543
Jared HoughtalingThe Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies at Tufts Medical Center, Medford, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-9716
Chuan HongEmory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Judy GichoyaDuke University School of Medicine, Duke AI Health, Durham, NC, USA.
Warren KibbeEmory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Michael PencinaEmory University, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Christopher E CoxDuke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
An-Kwok Ian WongDuke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. a.ian.wong@duke.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-4251

Funding

Support for QA/QC for Prior Approval ProcessUL1TR002553 · NCATS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI LI, JENNIFER S, MCNAMARA, JAMES O. · 2018 to 2023
$58.5M
Research Project 3U54MD012530 · NIMHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI JOHNSON, KIMBERLY S. · 2017 to 2022
$8.8M
RADX TECH - CERES NANOSCIENCE INC NANOTRAP PARTICLE MANUFACTURING75N92020C00021 · NHLBI · CERES NANOSCIENCES, LLLP · PI DUNLAP, ROSS · 2021 to 2021
$4.0M
Opportunistic Screening for ASCVD using a Multimodal Deep Learning Risk Prediction ModelR01HL167811 · NHLBI · MAYO CLINIC ARIZONA · PI Imon Banerjee, Judy Gichoya · 2024 to 2026
$2.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002553NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020C00008NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020C00021NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL167811NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD012530Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) EIHD2204U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR002553U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01HL167811U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) U54MD012530
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although hypothesized to be the root cause of the pulse oximetry disparities, skin tone and its use for improving medical therapies have yet to be extensively studied. Studies that previously used self-reported race as a proxy variable for skin tone cannot account for skin tone variabilities within race groups. This study aimed to create a unique baseline dataset that included skin tone and electronic health record (EHR) data to better evaluate health disparities associated with pulse oximetry. We collected skin tone data at 16 different body locations using multiple devices, including administered visual scales, colorimetric, spectrophotometric, and photography via mobile phone cameras. All patients' data were converted into a common data model and de-identified before publication in PhysioNet. We assessed 167 features per skin location on 128 patients linked with their EHR data, such as laboratory data, vital sign recordings, and demographic information. We also include 2,438 images from mobile phones to assist in developing artificial intelligence tools to combat health disparities.

Indexed as

OximetrySkin PigmentationElectronic Health RecordsHumansProspective Studies

Identifiers

PMID41605934
PMCPMC12864885

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.