Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41605644›Full record

Observational studyThorax2026

Time to next procedure in patients with malignant pleural effusion undergoing aspiration: derivation and initial validation of the RED score.

Eleanor K Mishra, Helen Davies, Syed Hamza Abbas, Cheryl Hardy, Dominic T Beith, Dheeraj Sethi, Toshit Sapkal, Alguili Elsheikh, Asfandyar Yousuf, Emma L Hedley and 21 more

Abstract readObservational StudyMulticenter StudyValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Thorax, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors.

Eleanor K MishraUniversity of East Anglia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, UK e.mishra@uea.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5903-3005
Helen DaviesRespiratory Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, Wales, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-256X
Syed Hamza AbbasNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.
Cheryl HardyNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.
Dominic T BeithNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.
Dheeraj SethiRespiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK.
Toshit SapkalNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-4108
Alguili ElsheikhOxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-9965-0240
Asfandyar YousufGlenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8570-0211
Emma L HedleyUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-6280
Ellie DalyUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Anand SundaralingamRespiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
Dinesh AddalaRespiratory, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-6165
Samantha A JonesCardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK.
Lianne CastleBarts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9075-0897
Neena PatelBarts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
Jurgen HerreCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
Hannah CollinsCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
Jack KastelikHull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1760-6677
Clare L RossChest and Allergy Clinic, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
John CorcoranInterventional Pulmonology Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK.
Cyrus DaneshvarRespiratory Medicine, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0956-8674
Fathimath ShihamArrowe Park Hospital, Upton, UK.
Alison HuftonArrowe Park Hospital, Upton, UK.
Geraldine A LynchSouthmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
Alex DipperAcademic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Eleanor BartonSouthmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
Amelia O CliveAcademic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Nicholas A MaskellNorth Bristol Lung Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-6500
Allan B ClarkNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-8941
Najib M RahmanOxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPE), pleural fluid reaccumulates at variable rates following therapeutic aspiration. The aim of this study was to identify variables which predict time to next procedure and use them to develop a predictive score.

methodsThis prospective observational cohort study in 10 British hospitals recruited patients with known or suspected malignant effusions undergoing therapeutic aspiration. Follow-up lasted 3 months and assessed time to next clinically indicated pleural procedure. Regression analysis was performed to identify independent variables predicting time to next procedure, and a score derived. Initial validation was done in two external cohorts. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN

results241 patients were recruited. Within the derivation cohort (n=180), baseline respiratory rate (R), pleural effusion depth on ultrasound (E) and dyspnoea measured using a visual analogue scale (D) (combined to form the RED score) were independent predictors of time to next procedure. Predictive models provided areas under the receiver operator curve of 0.73 and 0.75. Initial validity testing in two cohorts (n=31, n=57) demonstrated reasonable predictive value.

conclusionsIn patients with MPE, baseline respiratory rate, pleural effusion depth on ultrasound and dyspnoea predict time to next procedure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN16567838.

Indexed as

Pleural Effusion, MalignantThoracentesisAgedDyspneaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesRespiratory RateROC CurveTime FactorsUltrasonographyLung CancerMesotheliomaPleural Disease

Identifiers

PMID41605644
PMCPMC13638286

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.