ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2026
Sex Differences in Age of Onset of Premature Cardiovascular Disease and Subtypes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrating social and cardiometabolic risk factors in predicting cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a Bayesian model development and internal validation in Swedish middle-aged adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Cardiovascular disease risk under low-fat, Mediterranean, and American Heart Association diets: a target trial emulation in United States adults.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- The impact of the Elixhauser comorbidity index on length of stay in patients with coronary artery disease.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Epigenetic signatures of cardiometabolic risk in men: accelerated aging and differential methylation replicated across cohorts.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Emerging roles of the cGAS/STING pathway in cardiovascular diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Primary-Level Meta-Analysis of Diversity Outbred Mice Identifies a Fasting Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Locus Modified by Sex and Diet.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Trajectories of depressive symptoms across pregnancy and the extended postpartum period and future cardiovascular health.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Challenges and knowledge gaps in sex differences in cardio-kidney-metabolic syndrome across the lifespan.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Telomerase Knockout in Myeloid Cells Predisposes Mice to Foam Cell Formation, Dyslipidemia, Lung Fibrosis, and Cardiac Dysfunction.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Cognitive function predicts all-cause mortality independent of social engagement among community-dwelling elderly Japanese men: a 15-year prospective cohort study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-specific differences in vascular circulation and metabolic regulation associated with aging and cardiovascular health problems.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHistorical data indicate men develop coronary heart disease (CHD) 10 years before women. However, whether this sex gap persists in a contemporary sample amid changing cardiometabolic risk profiles, and whether differences exist for other cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes (ie, stroke, heart failure), is not known.
methodsData are from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study, a prospective multicenter cohort study. US adults aged 18 to 30 years enrolled in 1985 to 1986 and were followed through August 2020. Sex differences in the cumulative incidence functions of premature CVD (onset <65 years), overall and for each subtype (CHD, heart failure, stroke), were compared using Gray's test.
resultsAmong 5112 participants (54.5% female, 51.6% Black) with a mean age of 24.8 years (SD: 3.7) at enrollment and a median follow-up of 34.1 years (interquartile range, 33.8-35.7), men had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of CVD, CHD, and heart failure (
conclusionsMen developed CVD earlier than women, with the greatest difference observed for CHD. Sex differences in CVD risk emerged at age 35, persisted through midlife, and were not attenuated by accounting for cardiovascular health.
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