ArticleJMIR research protocols2026
Very Low-Carbohydrate Breakfast Intervention for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Persistent Hyperglycemia: Protocol for a Digital, Nonrandomized Pre-Post Study.
Article in JMIR research protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05986097 (The Breakfast Study), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Breakfast Study: A Small Steps, Low-literacy, Breakfast-focused Dietary Self-management Intervention for Adults With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMore than 15% of US adults with type 2 diabetes have persistent hyperglycemia. Adults with persistent hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes have an elevated health risk of a variety of outcomes, including amputation and mortality from cardiovascular disease and from all causes. Nutrition-focused interventions can be effective for improving glycemic control, reducing antihyperglycemic medications, and reducing body weight, all of which are critical outcomes for adults with type 2 diabetes. Carbohydrate intake impacts postprandial glycemia more than any other dietary factor. The American Diabetes Association now recommends a very low-carbohydrate diet, because of its ability to improve glycemic control, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, typical nutrition-focused interventions can be burdensome, as the interventions often have complex instructions and require changing one's diet completely. Additionally, adults with type 2 diabetes and persistent hyperglycemia may be more likely to have low health literacy levels, which can be a barrier to adherence to complex interventions.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital, small-steps intervention that focuses on implementing a very low-carbohydrate dietary pattern specifically at breakfast for adults with type 2 diabetes and persistent hyperglycemia. The goal is to determine whether this targeted dietary modification can lead to reductions in hemoglobin A
methodsThe Breakfast Study will enroll adults with a hemoglobin A
resultsAs of October 2025, we have enrolled 119 participants. The results will be published separately.
conclusionsThe Breakfast Study is a nonrandomized, pre-post trial to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of an accessible, very low-carbohydrate breakfast for adults with type 2 diabetes and persistent hyperglycemia. This study could provide support for continued research investigating how to lower barriers to dietary interventions for type 2 diabetes.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05986097; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05986097. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/81041.
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