Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41604131›Full record

ArticleMaternal and child health journal2026

Parenting Stress, Family Resilience, and Emotional Support Among US Military Families.

Melissa Soto, Elizabeth Crouch, Paul Watson, Cassie Odahowski, Emma Boswell, Monique J Brown

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Melissa SotoJohns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. msoto14@jhu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-9250
Elizabeth CrouchRural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 220 Stoneridge Drive, Suite 204, Columbia, SC, 29210, USA.
Paul WatsonNorthern Hub for Veterans and Military Families Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7XA, UK.
Cassie OdahowskiRural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 220 Stoneridge Drive, Suite 204, Columbia, SC, 29210, USA.
Emma BoswellRural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 220 Stoneridge Drive, Suite 204, Columbia, SC, 29210, USA.
Monique J BrownRural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 220 Stoneridge Drive, Suite 204, Columbia, SC, 29210, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesMilitary families experience lifestyle and circumstance-specific stressors that may impact their parental stress, family resilience, and emotional support for parenthood. These outcomes may influence parenting behaviors and mental health that have further implications on child development and growth. Research is needed to examine these outcomes among military families in the United States on a national scale due to the importance of potential intergenerational implications.

methodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the 2021-2022 National Survey of Children's Health to investigate the relationship between caregiver military status and outcomes of parental stress, family resilience, and emotional support for parenthood (n = 99,869). Bivariate analyses through chi-square tests were calculated to determine differences between outcomes from military caregivers and civilian caregivers with select covariates. Multivariable regression analyses were calculated to further explore the relationship between caregiver military status and emotional support for parenthood.

resultsThe prevalence of emotional support with parenthood was higher among military caregivers compared to civilian caregivers (82.8% vs. 75.0%, p < 0.0001); however, this difference was not statistically significant in adjusted analyses. No statistically significant differences were found between military families and civilian families in parenting stress and family resilience.

conclusionsThis study extended previous research that have focused on state or station specific outcomes in military families by examining these outcomes on a national scale. This study has important implications towards expanding research and interventions that reduce parenting stress and improve family resilience and emotional support for parenthood to ensure continued positive outcomes.

Indexed as

Military FamilyMilitary PersonnelParentingParentsResilience, PsychologicalSocial SupportStress, PsychologicalAdultCaregiversChildCross-Sectional StudiesFamily SupportFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesFamily resilienceParental emotional supportParenting stress

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.