Flushing as a Control Measure for

Charuka S Meegoda, Michael B Waak, Taegyu Kim, Raymond M Hozalski, Cynthia Hallé

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Charuka S MeegodaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7031 Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-0092-2382

Michael B WaakDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7031 Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-1637-3608

Taegyu KimDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6310-5323

Raymond M HozalskiDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7541-0165

Cynthia HalléDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7031 Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-9557-6250

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pilot-scale experiments were used to examine how hot-water temperature, chloramine disinfection, and pipe material (copper or PE-Xa) influence the effectiveness of two flow-based interventions─high-flow flushing vs showering─in controlling total bacteria,

Indexed as

ChloraminesDisinfectionLegionellaWater MicrobiologyDisinfectantsHot TemperatureTemperatureWater PurificationchloramineChloraminesDisinfectantsbiofilmchloramineflushingpremise plumbingwater age

Identifiers

PMID41603325

DOI10.1021/acs.est.5c16399

PMCPMC12895531

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.