Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41603154›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2026

Clinical Validation of α-Synuclein in Salivary Extracellular Vesicles as a Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease: A Longitudinal Study.

Antonia Gurgone, Vita Cardinale, Marta M Tangari, Serena Budicin, Debora Comai, Claudia Ledda, Leonardo Lopiano, Giovanni Camussi, Maurizio Zibetti, Maurizio Giustetto

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Antonia Gurgone"Rita Levi-Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Vita Cardinale"Rita Levi-Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Marta M TangariSC Neurologia 2U, AOU Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
Serena BudicinSC Neurologia 2U, AOU Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
Debora Comai"Rita Levi-Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Claudia Ledda"Rita Levi-Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Leonardo Lopiano"Rita Levi-Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Giovanni CamussiDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Maurizio Zibetti"Rita Levi-Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Maurizio Giustetto"Rita Levi-Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1323-4060

Funding

Università degli Studi di TorinoUniversity of Pennsylvania
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) and the subsequent loss of dopaminergic neurons. Identifying reliable and non-invasive biomarkers is crucial for accelerating early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. To this aim, we longitudinally investigated α-Syn in salivary extracellular vesicles (SEVs) in PD patients and the correlation with clinical outcomes.

methodsSEVs were isolated from PD patients and healthy controls (HCs) saliva using differential ultracentrifugation followed by morphological and molecular characterization. The levels of both total (α-Syn

resultsWe found a significant increase in both α-Syn

conclusionsThese results establish for the first time that SEVs-associated α-Syn

Indexed as

alpha-SynucleinExtracellular VesiclesParkinson DiseaseSalivaAgedBiomarkersFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle Agedalpha-SynucleinBiomarkersELISA assayextracellular vesiclesone year follow‐up studyParkinsonsalivary biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID41603154
PMCPMC12848592

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.