Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41603046›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of methods in psychiatric research2026

An Experimental Exploration of Cognitive Workload and Situational Awareness in Virtual Reality: Implications for Non-Clinical Emotional Support.

Fabiha Islam, Zipporah Bright, Liang Zhan, Chao Shi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fabiha IslamSchool of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-6275-9850
Zipporah BrightSchool of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA.
Liang ZhanElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Chao ShiSchool of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA.

Funding

Human Cognitive and Visual Behavior Lab
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesMany people face emotional challenges without meeting the criteria for clinical mental disorders. Virtual Reality (VR) has become popular in psychotherapy due to accessibility, but it can sometimes increase cognitive workload (CWL) and decrease situational awareness (SA). This study addresses the need for continuous user monitoring by assessing CWL and SA in real-time using eye-tracking.

methodsTwenty-one participants performed cognitive tasks of varying difficulty in both virtual and real-world environments, allowing direct comparison of the same task difficulty across the two environments. Pupil diameter, fixation, and saccade duration data were collected.

resultsPupil diameter results showed that VR environment may be associated with a reduced effect of high task difficulty on participants' CWL. Fixation and saccade durations results indicated that participants could maintain the same level of SA and engagement in the VR environment regardless of the task difficulty.

conclusionThese findings provide insights into the effects of VR on CWL and SA, which may inform future research exploring VR's potential in clinical populations.

Indexed as

AwarenessCognitionEmotionsPsychomotor PerformanceVirtual RealityWorkloadAdultEye-Tracking TechnologyFemaleHumansMalePupilYoung Adultcognitive workloadmental healthphysiological measurevirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID41603046
PMCPMC12848537

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.