The impact of relapse on patient disability, clinical outcomes, and subsequent burdens to patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and caregivers.

Background: As knowledge is limited about the real-world impact of relapse among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), we aimed to assess the impact of relapse(s) on patient disability, clinical outcomes, and patient and caregiver burden in a real-world setting. Objective: To assess how NMOSD relapses impacts patient and caregiver burden. Methods: Data were drawn retrospectively from the Adelphi Real World NMOSD Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional survey of neurologists and patients with NMOSD patients in five European countries from January-June 2023. Neurologists reported patients' demographics, caregiver involvement and clinical outcomes. Analyses were bivariate. Results: Overall, 99 neurologists provided data for 433 patients. In total, 128 patients had a relapse since their initial attack (1 relapse, 64.1%; 2 relapses, 18.8%; ≥ 3 relapses, 17.2%). Patients who had relapsed once had higher rates of control deficit for bladder (40.2% vs. 25.6%, Conclusions: NMOSD relapse occurrence was associated with debilitating symptoms and more caregiver support, highlighting the need for more highly effective interventions to prevent patient and caregiver burden.