ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2025
Cognitive functions and skill level in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu: an exploratory study using virtual reality.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Competitive outcomes in combat sports depend not only on functional preparation but also on athletes' ability to quickly adapt under pressure and make effective decisions in rapidly changing situations. The use of virtual reality (VR) as a tool for assessing cognitive functions has not yet been thoroughly validated in this context. The VR tasks used in this study do not measure higher-order cognitive functions such as executive function or anticipation; instead, they focus on observable performance metrics, such as reaction time, accuracy, and motor variability. The aim of the present study was to compare the level of cognitive functions in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes with varying levels of expertise. Methods: Ten male BJJ practitioners (average age was 27.20 ± 5.63 years) were categorized into professionals (average training experience 11.00 ± 1.41 years; brown/black belts) and semi-professionals (average training experience 5.40 ± 1.14 years, blue/purple belts). VR based cognitive tests assessed reaction time, accuracy, and spatial awareness. The Mann-Whitney Results: The professional group showed higher decision-making accuracy and slower reaction times; however, Conclusions: Professionals appeared to score higher in accuracy-related measures and showed slower reaction times; however, these patterns should be interpreted as preliminary trends rather than evidence of differences in underlying mechanisms or strategic prioritization. Given the very small sample size and the exploratory nature of the study, no conclusions can be drawn about underlying cognitive mechanisms. The findings suggest preliminary, unstable patterns between expertise levels in selected cognitive measures; however, given the small sample size and exploratory design, no causal inferences regarding the influence of experience on cognitive functions can be drawn. The study also suggests that VR may have potential as an assessment tool, though its utility for evaluating BJJ-specific cognitive performance remains unvalidated and should be considered exploratory at this stage.
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