ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025
Development and testing of a high-risk behavior scale for swimming among Chinese adolescents.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The relationship between adolescents' swimming self-efficacy and high-risk behaviors: a chain mediating model based on latent profile analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Teenagers are the main victims of drowning, and high-risk behavior is the main cause of drowning. However, there are no reliable and valid instruments for measuring these behaviors in China. Objective: This study aimed to provide a measurement tool for measuring the high-risk behavior of swimming among adolescents in China. The adolescent swimming risk behavior scale was developed and tested for reliability and validity. Participants and setting: This study used stratified sampling to ensure sample representativeness. Stratification variables included educational level (elementary school, secondary school) and geographical region (areas with differing levels of economic development), thereby capturing key differences in age maturity and social environment. Among schools selected based on the aforementioned stratification variables, questionnaires were administered to eligible students (aged 10-19 years old, capable of swimming continuously for over 25 m). Methods: This study assessed the internal consistency, factor structure (i.e., exploratory and validation factor analyses), and convergent and discriminant validity of the adolescent swimming risk behavior scale. Results: The findings suggest that the scale is a relatively reliable measure for assessing high-risk behavior in adolescent swimmers. Exploratory and validation factor analyses confirmed the four-factor structure, confirming the 20-item version of the scale, which obtained good internal consistency reliability. The internal consistency coefficient, Cronbach's Conclusion: The adolescent swimming risky Behavior Scale has high reliability and validity and is suitable for measuring adolescent swimming risky behavior in China.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.