Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41602555›Full record

ArticleInnovation in aging2026

Noise during cognitive tests and older adults' cognitive performance: evidence from India.

Yezhen Li, Clarice Myers, Wuyang Zhang, Jinkook Lee, Nicholas S Reed, Emma Nichols

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Innovation in aging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yezhen LiCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5067-9080
Clarice MyersDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Wuyang ZhangThe Johns Hopkins Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8726-6520
Jinkook LeeCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-719X
Nicholas S ReedDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States.
Emma NicholsCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9005-3872

Funding

Leveraging a natural experiment to estimate the causal impact of blood sugar on dementia and cognition in IndiaR01AG051125 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Jinkook Lee · 2015 to 2026
$26.8M
Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (DAD) for Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI)-Genomic study.U01AG064948 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KARDIA, SHARON L, LEE, JINKOOK · 2019 to 2023
$12.5M
Modifiable Protective and Risk Factors of Late-Life Cognitive Health and DementiaRF1AG055273 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI LANGA, KENNETH M, LEE, JINKOOK · 2017 to 2017
$4.0M
Multilingualism as a factor of resilience to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in IndiaR01AG080473 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Leon Aksman, Miguel Arce · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
Biomarkers of neurodegeneration in the US and India: A cross-national evaluation of the biological underpinnings of ADRDRF1AG088003 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CRIMMINS, EILEEN M, GROSS, ALDEN L. · 2024 to 2024
$2.4M
Non-educational sources of later-life cognitive reserve and resilience among older adults with and without formal education in IndiaRF1AG087965 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI KOBAYASHI, LINDSAY C, LEE, JINKOOK · 2024 to 2024
$2.2M
The Role of Hearing Loss in Health Care Outcomes.K23AG065443 · NIA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI REED, NICHOLAS SALVATORE · 2020 to 2024
$943k
NIA NIH HHS K23 AG065443NIA NIH HHS R01 AG051125NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080473NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG055273NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG087965NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG088003NIA NIH HHS U01 AG064948
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Noise during cognitive assessments may impact cognitive performance and lead to biases in estimates of dementia prevalence, especially in developing regions where optimal test conditions may be harder to ensure. However, evidence on noise during testing and older adults' cognitive performance remains limited. To fill this gap, this study aimed to analyze the role of noise during cognitive assessments in older adults' cognitive scores, using data from a population-based study in India. Research Design and Methods: Using data from the second wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia ( Results: Noise during testing was significantly associated with lower scores of general cognitive performance and individual cognitive domains. The association between loud noise exposure and cognitive performance was stronger for respondents with normal hearing range and severe hearing loss. Discussion and Implications: Noise during assessments may contribute to biases in cognitive performance in population-based surveys. Further research is needed to better understand the implications of noise during cognitive tests.

Indexed as

Cognitive assessmentHearing lossLMICSurvey methodsTest bias

Identifiers

PMID41602555
PMCPMC12832946

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.