ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Integrative subtyping by bile acid metabolism identifies
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- CLCA1 as an immune prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the primary driver of cancer-related death and illness across the world. Despite the full-scale shift of the treatment approach for some colorectal cancer patients due to the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), primary resistance still poses a huge challenge to clinicians. Bile acid metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. However, its particular function in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its effect on prognosis and immune treatment response remain unclear. Methods: Based on the transcriptome and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Colon Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-COAD) cohort, we performed unsupervised consensus clustering and classified patients into different molecular subtypes according to bile acid metabolism. We subsequently compared overall survival (OS), immune cell infiltration levels, and differentially expressed genes among the subtypes. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to identify key hub genes. Finally, the expression of these crucial hub genes was validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort and independent clinical patients. Results: The bile-low group showed a significant reduction in OS time ( Conclusion: Our findings suggest that bile acid metabolism could shape the TIME via key genes
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