Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41602121›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in physiology2026

Developing negative split pacing in endurance athletes: practical guidelines and training models.

Gerasimos V Grivas, Kousar Safari, Mohammad Hemmatinafar

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Gerasimos V GrivasPhysical Education and Sports, Division of Humanities and Political Sciences, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Greece.
Kousar SafariDepartment of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Mohammad HemmatinafarDepartment of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Negative split pacing-finishing the second half of a race faster than the first-is a hallmark of elite endurance performance and a key indicator of physiological control, fatigue resistance, and strategic pacing literacy. Rather than being an inherent talent, it represents a trainable skill integrating physiological, cognitive, and behavioral regulation. This mini review synthesizes evidence from performance analyses, physiological studies, and coaching practice to outline how negative split capacity can be systematically developed. We summarize training foundations, mesocycle design, and monitoring tools that support its acquisition. Mechanistically, successful negative splits are linked to improved lactate threshold (LT), VO

Indexed as

heart rate variabilitylactate thresholdnegative splitpacing strategyVO2 kineticswearable technology

Identifiers

PMID41602121
PMCPMC12832444

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.