ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Allergy-compatible symptoms among federated swimmers in Portugal: a cross-sectional study using the AQUA® questionnaire.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Swimmers are chronically exposed to water disinfection by-products (commonly from chlorination) and to indoor air conditions that may aggravate allergic and respiratory symptoms. Evidence is robust for elite cohorts, but competitive swimmers outside Olympic settings remain understudied. We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey among Portuguese competitive swimmers, officially registered with the national federation, aged 16 years or older (April-May 2025). The validated Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA
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