Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41601907›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2025

Effect of caffeine ingestion on cycling performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jinyan Wu, Kai Xu, Mingyue Yin, Xianming Ding, Tong Wang, Qiubo Zhang, Xiaowei Wu, Ningkun Xiao

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jinyan WuChengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.
Kai XuSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
Mingyue YinExercise and Nutrition Research Program, The Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Xianming DingJishou University, Jishou, China.
Tong WangChengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.
Qiubo ZhangChengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.
Xiaowei WuSichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
Ningkun XiaoDepartment of Immunochemistry, Institution of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effects of acute caffeine ingestion on cycling performance through a systematic review and meta-analysis, while also exploring the moderating roles of caffeine dosage, training status, and athlete age. A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases, yielding 20 eligible studies with a total of 226 participants. A three-level mixed-effects model was applied to pool main effects on cycling time trial performance, mean power output, mean heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to examine potential moderators. Caffeine intake significantly reduced cycling completion time (SMD = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.15,

Indexed as

caffeinecyclingexercise performancemeta-analysissports nutrition

Identifiers

PMID41601907
PMCPMC12832238

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.