ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
The neuro-immune axis in cancer: mechanisms of innervation-driven tumor progression and therapeutic opportunities.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- A malignant symbiosis: The neuro-metabolic symphony rewires the tumor microenvironment.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- TME remodeling and clinical challenges of immune checkpoint blockade in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune regulation of post-traumatic bone regeneration: focus on inflammatory switching and functional recovery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting the Neuro-Immune Axis in Next-Generation Oncology: Discovery and Validation of βOncology research · 2026Review
- Peripheral nerve remodeling in the tumor microenvironment: neuro-immune crosstalk, molecular mechanisms, and precision therapeutic.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Innervation plays a key role in tumor progression, and malignant tumor cells often invade peripheral nerve or the central nervous system, significantly altering tumor biological function. In this review, the multi-dimensional role of innervation in cancer biology is comprehensively discussed, the molecular mechanisms involved and their effects on the tumor microenvironment are deeply analyzed, and therapeutic strategies are proposed. We systematically summarize the interactions between cancer cells and neural tissue, focusing on how key signaling pathways regulate the core elements of this process. The analysis focused on the pathological features of innervation in specific cancer types, particularly breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, revealing the unique mode of action of innervation in these cancers. In addition, we explored the combined effects of innervation on the tumor microenvironment, including immune cell infiltration, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and the development of cancer-related pain. Together, these changes promote tumor growth and spread, further highlighting the importance of innervation in tumor progression. Finally, this review proposes the potential therapeutic value of innervation in the treatment of cancer, and aims to promote the development of the field of innervation research. A deeper understanding of the complex relationship between innervation and cancer progression is critical to optimizing treatment strategies, improving patient outcomes, and expanding the boundaries of our understanding of cancer biology.
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Registered trials
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