SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2025
To substitute or not? A systematic review of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in multiple myeloma patients treated with bispecific antibodies.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Rethinking secondary immunodeficiency: a cross-domain pathway framework for risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Burden of infections and preventive strategies in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma treated with bispecific antibodies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies are a novel class of immunotherapies that have demonstrated high response rates in heavily pretreated patients with multiple myeloma. However, their use is associated with increased risk of infections, which contribute to morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines recommend immunoglobulin replacement therapy for patients receiving bispecific antibodies with polyclonal IgG levels below 4 g/L, in addition to prophylactic antimicrobial therapy, to reduce infection risk. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in multiple myeloma patients treated with bispecific antibodies. Through a structured literature search, we identified five retrospective, non-randomized cohort studies comprising a total of 653 patients. Three of these studies reported a significant reduction in infections, particularly severe infections, among patients receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Given the substantial time and resource burden associated with continuous immunoglobulin prophylaxis for both patients and healthcare systems, further prospective, randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings and guide evidence-based practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.