Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41601584›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in neuroergonomics2025

The state of the art in assessing mental fatigue in the cockpit using head-worn sensing technology.

Anneke Hamann, Carmen van Klaren, Rolf Zon, Frédéric Dehais, Nils Carstengerdes, Maykel van Miltenburg, Kalou Cabrera Castillos

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in neuroergonomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anneke HamannInstitut für Flugführung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Braunschweig, Germany.
Carmen van KlarenRoyal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), Department of Safety and Human Performance, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Rolf ZonRoyal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), Department of Safety and Human Performance, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Frédéric DehaisISAE-SUPAERO, Fédération ENAC-ISAE SUPAERO-ONERA, Center of Neuroergonomics, Toulouse, France.
Nils CarstengerdesInstitut für Flugführung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Braunschweig, Germany.
Maykel van MiltenburgRoyal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), Department of Safety and Human Performance, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Kalou Cabrera CastillosISAE-SUPAERO, Fédération ENAC-ISAE SUPAERO-ONERA, Center of Neuroergonomics, Toulouse, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mental fatigue is an important construct for aviation as it can impact pilots' performance. However, its assessment has been and still is challenging. Most research done in this field is based on basic laboratory experiments, and the measurement methods in use have certain limits one needs to overcome in order to apply them in a cockpit. In this review, we present an overview of research on mental fatigue, its assessment and the gap between fundamental research and its application in aviation. We provide an overview over classical experimental paradigms for mental fatigue induction and subjective measures, as well as advanced head-worn sensing technologies (or such that target head and face), namely electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and eye-tracking. For each measure, we discuss limitations and open challenges. Finally, we draw conclusions on the feasibility of integrating the measurements into the cockpit. We also highlight gaps that future research needs to bridge.

Indexed as

aviationEEGeye-trackingfNIRSincapacitationmental fatiguephysiologypilots

Identifiers

PMID41601584
PMCPMC12833356

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.