ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2025
Serum iron as a biomarker for "penumbra freezing" in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Identifying salvageable penumbra is crucial for revascularization in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients presenting beyond standard therapeutic windows. Dysregulated iron metabolism and ferroptosis play significant roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. This study aimed to investigate serum iron as a biomarker for identifying the "penumbra freezing" (PF) phenomenon in AIS patients who present beyond the conventional time window. Methods: This study included patients with AIS presenting late (beyond 4.5-h treatment window). Participants were classified into PF and absence of PF (APF) groups based on CT perfusion and EXTEND trial criteria. Multivariable regression analyzed associations with PF, and diagnostic accuracy was evaluated via ROC curves. Results: A total of 141 AIS patients were finally included (Age: 71.16 ± 12.37, 54% male). Serum iron levels were significantly lower in the PF group compared with the APF group (8.59 ± 4.34 μmol/L vs. 11.54 ± 6.37 μmol/L, Conclusion: Serum iron levels correlate with the PF phenomenon in AIS patients beyond the time window, potentially serving as an auxiliary biomarker to aid in identifying suitable candidates for delayed reperfusion therapy. This indicator offers convenient and rapid detection with clinical translation potential, though further validation in prospective, multicenter, large-scale studies remains necessary.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.