REST missense mutations reveal disrupted Re1 motif binding and co-repressor interactions in uterine fibroids.

Introduction: The Re1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) is a master regulator of gene silencing, orchestrating transcriptional repression by tethering chromatin-modifying co-repressors to the Re1 motif of target genes. While REST is recognized as a sentinel of cellular identity, its role in uterine fibroids (UF) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate how structural perturbations in REST may compromise its regulatory function and contribute to altered transcriptional control in fibroid biology. Methods: A deep structural interrogation of REST was performed through expansive Results: Five structurally disruptive REST variants (Y31C, Y31D, L76Q, Y283C, L427Q) were identified at evolutionarily conserved residues. Structural modelling and docking analyses revealed weakened affinity for co-repressors, with the Y283C variant showing a marked reduction in SIN3A interaction (Z-score: 2.4 to -1.2) and impaired DNA binding (Z-score: 2.0 to -1.3). Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that Y283C increased rigidity (RMSF: 0.33 to 0.27 nm), reduced compactness (Rg: 3.48-3.51 nm), and lowered potential energy. Upon Re1 binding, destabilization intensified, with increased RMSD (0.95-1.07 nm) and pronounced shifts in energy. Discussion: This integrative analysis highlights REST as a candidate regulatory component in uterine fibroid biology. Structural disruption of REST, particularly through the Y283C mutation, may destabilize molecular interactions and compromise DNA-binding precision, potentially unleashing transcriptional noise that fuels fibroid growth. These findings suggest that perturbation of REST-mediated transcriptional repression may be associated with altered regulatory control in this disease and could inform future strategies to investigate dysregulation in uterine fibroids.