A Chemically Induced

Haixiang Lv, Jianye Yang, Ruofan Yu, Qin Liu, Xiaohong Liu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Haixiang LvState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.

Jianye YangState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.

Ruofan YuState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.

Qin LiuState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.

Xiaohong LiuState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC2812103National Natural Science Foundation of China 32273168the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 222201251721

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background

methodsWe developed an optimized BGs vaccine for

resultsThe resulting BGs exhibited intact cellular morphology with transmembrane pores, efficient removal of cytoplasmic contents, and significantly better preservation of lipopolysaccharide structure compared to NaOH-alone treatment. Vaccination trials in turbot demonstrated that the NP-40/NaOH BGs provided the highest relative percent survival (RPS = 58.8%) upon challenge, outperforming both NaOH-alone BGs (RPS = 55.0%) and a traditional formaldehyde-killed vaccine (RPS = 34.8%). The superior protection was correlated with the induction of a more robust and sustained immune response, characterized by significantly higher levels of specific IgM antibodies, elevated lysozyme activity, and increased total serum protein.

conclusionsThis study establishes the NP-40/NaOH protocol as an effective strategy for producing high-quality BGs with enhanced immunogenicity, presenting a potent vaccine candidate for controlling vibriosis in aquaculture.

Indexed as

bacterial ghostsinactivated vaccineturbotVibrio harveyi

Identifiers

PMID41601024

DOI10.3390/vaccines14010109

PMCPMC12846413

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.