Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41600870›Full record

ArticleViruses2026

Serological Assays to Measure Rabies Antibody Response in Equine Serum Samples.

Nisha Beniwal, Banwari Lal, Sushma Mithina, Chandan Kumar Verma, Satendra Kumar, Vikas Phagna, Kamini Jakhar, Sudipta Sonar, Vishal Gupta, Rita Singh and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Nisha BeniwalBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.ORCID 0000-0001-6198-6588
Banwari LalBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.
Sushma MithinaBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.ORCID 0000-0002-2099-5952
Chandan Kumar VermaBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.
Satendra KumarBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.
Vikas PhagnaBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.
Kamini JakharBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.
Sudipta SonarBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.
Vishal GuptaBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.
Rita SinghBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.ORCID 0009-0009-0867-509X
Niraj KumarBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.
Chee Wah TanProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
Riyesh ThachamvallyICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
Harisankar SinghaICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
Kripa MurzelloBharat Serums and Vaccines Limited, Navi Mumbai 400708, Maharashtra, India.ORCID 0009-0001-9242-119X
Aldon FernandesBharat Serums and Vaccines Limited, Navi Mumbai 400708, Maharashtra, India.
Lin-Fa WangProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-2752-0535
Sankar BhattacharyyaBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.
Shailendra ManiBiotechnology Research and Innovation Council Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 120001, Haryana, India.ORCID 0000-0001-8541-8315

Funding

Department of Science and Technology INT/Italy/P-43/2022(NE) (G)Gates Foundation GIISER-South Asia (INV-030592)Indian Council of Medical Research ICMR/DHR/NOHM/SN ID-28/2025/04/14Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Core Grant P189, T001Translational Research Program Grant BT/PR30159/MED/15/188/2018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rabies is a neglected tropical zoonotic disease caused by rabies-virus (RV) infection and is responsible for almost 60,000 annual deaths globally, largely affecting the socio-economically disadvantaged population. Although fatality is preventable by immunization either before or after exposure with therapeutic antibodies, the high cost of prophylaxis or treatment limits their accessibility for the affected population. However, due to the almost 100% fatality rate in symptomatic individuals, almost 29 million annual vaccinations are performed, imposing high financial burden. Human transmission occurs principally through bites from infected dogs and although multiple mammalian species are permissive to RV, transmission from them or from symptomatic humans is rare. To overcome the limitations posed by the requirement of biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) containment for live virus culture, we established a replication-deficient vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudovirus expressing the Rabies-G (RV-G) protein and a multiplexed Luminex immunoassay for quantifying anti-rabies antibodies in equine sera. The purified pseudovirus exhibited robust luciferase activity and was able to infect multiple mammalian cell lines, although with variable efficiency. Using hyper-immunized equine serum, we observed a strong correlation (ρ > 0.9,

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralRabiesRabies virusSerologic TestsAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntigens, ViralCell LineHorsesHumansImmunoassayNeutralization TestsRabies VaccinesVesiculovirusAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntigens, ViralRabies Vaccinesantibody responseluminex bead-based immunoassayrabies pseudovirusrabies virusvirus neutralization

Identifiers

PMID41600870
PMCPMC12846700

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.