ArticleVeterinary sciences2026
Effect of a Constant Rate Infusion of Ketamine on a Variable Rate Infusion of Xylazine in Standing Horses Undergoing Ventriculocordectomy and Laryngoplasty.
Article in Veterinary sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Standing sedation in horses provides immobilization and analgesia for surgery while avoiding the high risks of general anesthesia. Ketamine at subanesthetic doses may enhance sedation and reduce xylazine requirements, but evidence in clinical settings is limited. In a randomized blinded trial, we evaluated whether adding a low-dose ketamine infusion could reduce the xylazine dose required for effective sedation during standing ventriculocordectomy and laryngoplasty. Fifty-one horses were randomly assigned to sedation with xylazine alone (SX group) or xylazine plus ketamine (KX group) in a continuous rate infusion. The ketamine group received ketamine (0.25 mg/kg intravenous (IV) bolus followed by 0.5 mg/kg/h infusion), while xylazine was administered in both groups via a titrated infusion to effect according to the Ghent Sedation Algorithm. Sedation depth, ataxia, surgical condition scores, and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded. Data are presented as median (25th-75th percentiles) and estimated effect with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at
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