Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41600620›Full record

ArticleToxics2026

Domestic Abuse of Codeine: A Case Study of Non-Medical Use Leading to Fatal Outcome.

Karolina Mrochem, Ewelina Pieprzyca, Gabriela Skalniak, Jakub Obrzut, Julia Cieśla, Elżbieta Chełmecka, Marcin Tomsia, Rafał Skowronek

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Karolina MrochemDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0009-0000-5499-1450
Ewelina PieprzycaDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1469-1933
Gabriela SkalniakFaculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
Jakub ObrzutFaculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0009-0009-5672-7704
Julia CieślaFaculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2907-7322
Elżbieta ChełmeckaDepartment of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0111-438X
Marcin TomsiaDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4668-4685
Rafał SkowronekDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1445-3807

Funding

Medical University of Silesia BNW-1-010/K/4/F
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Codeine, an opioid analgesic present in many over-the-counter (OTC) formulations, is frequently misused through non-medical extraction techniques such as cold water extraction (CWE). These practices carry substantial risks, including incomplete removal of hepatotoxic co-formulants, contamination, and highly unpredictable dosing. We report a fatal case of a 29-year-old man who ingested codeine extracted from Antidol

Indexed as

codeinecold water extractionfatal poisoningforensic toxicologyOTC drugs

Identifiers

PMID41600620
PMCPMC12846103

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.