ArticleNutrients2026
Neuroprotective Effects of Desert Milk Exosomes in LPS-Induced Cognitive Decline: Role of Microglial M2 Polarization and AMPK Signaling.
Article in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesHippocampal neuroinflammation (HNF) is a key pathological feature in neurodegenerative disorders. Milk-derived exosomes, as bioactive extracellular vesicles, have underexplored potential in regulating brain neuroinflammatory responses. This study aimed to characterize desert milk exosomes (D-Exo) and investigate their neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects in LPS-induced HNF mice model and an LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia.
methodsExosomes were isolated from desert and non-desert milk (ND-Exo) for proteomic analysis. After pretreating BV2 cells with exosomes and stimulating with LPS, their inflammatory responses and polarization were assessed by RT-PCR. Balb/c mice were orally gavaged with D-Exo or 0.9% NaCl for 28 days before LPS injection. Cognitive function was assessed via behavioral tests, with microglial/astrocyte activation analyzed by immunofluorescence.
resultsD-Exo exhibited superior stability and a unique proteomic profile enriched with proteins linked to neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, notably within the AMPK signaling pathway. In vitro, D-Exo shifted LPS-stimulated microglia from the M1 to the M2 phenotype. In vivo, it alleviated HNF and cognitive decline, reduced Aβ
conclusionsD-Exo is enriched with specific proteins, attenuates neuroinflammation and cognitive decline by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization and AMPK pathway, highlighting its preventive potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.