Sustainable Hybrid Laminated Composites Reinforced with Bamboo, Flex Banner, and Glass Fibers: Impact of CaCO

Rahmat Doni Widodo, Muhammad Irfan Nuryanta, Prima Astuti Handayani, Rizky Ichwan, Edi Syams Zainudin, Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun

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Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rahmat Doni WidodoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia.

Muhammad Irfan NuryantaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia.

Prima Astuti HandayaniDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia.

Rizky IchwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia.

Edi Syams ZainudinAdvanced Engineering Materials and Composite Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-5106-3787

Muhammad Akhsin MuflikhunDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0001-9915-2116

Funding

(EQUITY 2025) Program, Directorate of Institutional Affairs, Directorate-General of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia 4317/B3/DT.03.08/2025 under grant number of 2.11.11/UN37/PPK.RO1/2025

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable polymer composites has driven the development of hybrid laminates that combine natural, recycled, and synthetic reinforcements while maintaining adequate mechanical performance. However, the combined influence of stacking sequence and mineral filler addition on the mechanical behavior of such sustainable hybrid systems remains insufficiently understood. In this study, sustainable hybrid laminated composites based on epoxy reinforced with glass fiber (G), bamboo fiber (B), and flex banner (F) were fabricated with varying stacking sequences and calcium carbonate (CaCO

Indexed as

CaCO3 fillerhybrid compositesnatural fiberresource efficiencySDG 12

Identifiers

PMID41599570

DOI10.3390/polym18020275

PMCPMC12845704

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.