Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41599215›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutics2026

From Classics to Nano-Excipients and Biopolymers: Pulmonary Drug Delivery Formulations.

Maria Nikou, Maria Chountoulesi, Stergios Pispas, Natassa Pippa

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Maria NikouSection of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
Maria ChountoulesiSection of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
Stergios PispasTheoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-5347-7430
Natassa PippaSection of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-1197-9010

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this article, a systematic review and analysis of the present literature is conducted, regarding the excipients present in dry powder inhaler formulations. Until now, there has been no list of excipients recorded, specifically for DPIs, with the number of approved excipients for pulmonary delivery being restricted, despite their choice as a pivotal step for the formulating process. Understanding the DPI formulations, physicochemical characteristics, efficiency, and release profiles, demonstrated in detail here, could contribute to their application in future studies and be a useful research tool in the choice of excipients in the field of inhalation technology and specifically DPIs.

Indexed as

DPI formulationsdry powder inhalers (DPIs)excipients in dry powder inhalerspulmonary deliverytechnology of DPIs

Identifiers

PMID41599215
PMCPMC12845390

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.