ReviewPharmaceutics2026
Mathematical Modeling of Local Drug Delivery in the Oral Cavity: From Release Kinetics to Mini-PBPK and Local PK/PD with Applications to Periodontal Therapies.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomimetic and Locally Active Drug Delivery Systems for the Oral Biofilm and Periodontal Pocket: Formulation Strategies, Mechanisms and Translational Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Application of Temporally Controlled Release Systems in Periodontal Tissue Regeneration: From Material Design to Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Microenvironment-Responsive Materials for Periodontitis Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- When Red Blood Cells Meet Carbon Monoxide: Yin and Yang in Medicines and Pharmaceuticals.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesMathematical modelling provides a quantitative way to describe the fate and action of drugs in the oral cavity, where transport processes are shaped by salivary flow, pellicle formation, biofilm structure and the wash-out effect of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Local pharmacokinetics in the mouth differ substantially from systemic models, and therefore a dedicated framework is required. The aim of this work was to present a structured, physiologically based concept that links in vitro release testing with local pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
methodsA narrative review with elements of systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (1980-2025) for publications describing drug release, local PBPK, and PK/PD modelling in the oral cavity. Mathematical formulations were grouped into release kinetics, mini-PBPK transport and local PK/PD relations. Classical models (Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Peppas-Sahlin) were integrated with a mini-PBPK structure describing saliva-mucosa-biofilm-pocket interactions.
resultsThe combined model captures adsorption to pellicle, diffusion within biofilm and wash-out by GCF. It allows simulation of variable clinical conditions, such as inflammation-related changes in Q
conclusionsThe proposed mini-PBPK framework bridges empirical release data and physiological transport in the oral cavity. It supports rational formulation design, optimisation of local dosage, and personalised prediction of drug retention in gingival pockets. This modelling approach can become a practical tool for the development of dental biomaterials and subgingival therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.