Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41599029›Full record

SynthesisPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Diagnostic Accuracy of Multiplex NAAT/PCR and Culture Against

Xanthoula Rousou, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Eleftherios Meletis, Olympia Lioupi, Nikolaos Solomakos, Polychronis Kostoulas, Suhail A R Doi

Abstract readComparative StudyMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xanthoula RousouLaboratory of Epidemiology, Applied Machine Learning and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public and One Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
Luis Furuya-KanamoriUQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
Eleftherios MeletisLaboratory of Epidemiology, Applied Machine Learning and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public and One Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2862-7182
Olympia LioupiLaboratory of Epidemiology, Applied Machine Learning and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public and One Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.ORCID 0009-0004-0821-0747
Nikolaos SolomakosFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-7578-4984
Polychronis KostoulasLaboratory of Epidemiology, Applied Machine Learning and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public and One Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-7051-1541
Suhail A R DoiDepartment of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0002-2630-2125

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-typhoidal (NT)

objectivesTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of multiplex NAAT/PCR and culture for

methodsA systematic search (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus; up to April 2024) identified 44 studies (55 comparisons). Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the frequentists bivariate model (BM) and Split Component Synthesis (SCS) and the Bayesian bivariate models (BBMs) and hierarchical summary ROC (BHSROC).

resultsAcross models, multiplex NAAT/PCR demonstrated high specificity (>98%) but model-dependent variability in sensitivity (85.5-94.8%), consistently substantial between study heterogeneity and threshold variation. The BM and BBM yielded a higher sensitivity estimate with narrower non-overlapping confidence intervals while SCS and BHSROC models, which are more robust to threshold differences, produced more conservative estimates with wider uncertainty. In Bayesian latent class analyses, culture remained highly accurate (Se: 97.17%, 95% CrI: 70.3-99.99; Sp: 96.06%, 95% CrI: 78.9-99.99), but with wide credible intervals indicating variation between studies, perhaps due to the different protocols used.

conclusionModel choice affects inferred diagnostic accuracy, particularly when high heterogeneity is present. Both multiplex NAAT/PCR and culture showed high accuracy; hence, a combination of the two tests could optimise rapid diagnosis and treatment. Future research should include cost effectiveness and decision analysis to update the diagnostic algorithms.

Indexed as

Multiplex Polymerase Chain ReactionSalmonellaSalmonella InfectionsBayes TheoremHumansMeta-Analysis as TopicSensitivity and SpecificityaccuracyBayesian latent classbivariatemultiplex nuclear acid amplification testSalmonella spp.sensitivityspecificitysplit component synthesis

Identifiers

PMID41599029
PMCPMC12845073

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.