Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41598092›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Multiphysics Simulation for Efficient and Reliable Systems for Low-Temperature Plasma Treatment of Metals.

Nina Yankova Penkova, Boncho Edward Varhoshkov, Valery Todorov, Hristo Antchev, Kalin Krumov, Vesselin Iliev

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nina Yankova PenkovaFaculty of Metallurgy and Material Science, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0001-6224-9686
Boncho Edward VarhoshkovFaculty of Metallurgy and Material Science, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Valery TodorovFaculty of Metallurgy and Material Science, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Hristo AntchevFaculty of Metallurgy and Material Science, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0009-0004-3909-7919
Kalin KrumovFaculty of Metallurgy and Material Science, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0009-0003-0656-4886
Vesselin IlievFaculty of Metallurgy and Material Science, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Funding

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Contract BG-RRP-2.004-0002 BiOrgaMCT, funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plasma nitriding is an advanced method to increase the hardness and wear resistance of different metal parts with complex shapes and geometries. The modelling is an appropriate approach for better understanding and improving such technologies based on multi-physical processes. Mathematical models of the coupled electromagnetic, fluid flow, and thermal processes in vacuum chambers for the low-temperature plasma treatment of metal parts have been developed. They were solved numerically via ANSYS/CFX software for a discretized solid and gas space of a plasma nitriding chamber. The specific electrical conductivity of the gas mixture, containing plasma, has been calibrated on the basis of an electrical model of the chamber and in situ measurements. The three-dimensional fields of pressure, temperature, velocity, turbulent characteristics, electric current density, and voltage in the chamber have been simulated and analysed. Methods for further development and application of the models and for technological and constructive enhancement of the plasma treatment technologies are discussed.

Indexed as

conjugate heat transferefficiencyelectrohydrodynamicsglow electric dischargenumerical simulationplasma nitridingvacuum chambers

Identifiers

PMID41598092
PMCPMC12843033

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.