ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Influence of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Parameters on the Morphology, Microstructure, and Hardness of DSS2209 Single-Bead Deposited Layers.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study systematically investigates the effects of key process parameters in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) on the surface morphology, geometric dimensions, microstructure, and microhardness of single-bead single-layer deposits fabricated from 2209 duplex stainless steel. Using a controlled variable approach, the influences of wire feed speed, travel speed, oscillation pattern, oscillation frequency, and oscillation amplitude on the deposition quality were examined. Experimental results indicate that wire feed speed and travel speed significantly affect the bead width, height, and fusion zone morphology, with optimal ranges identified as 4.5-6.5 m/min and 5-6 mm/s, respectively. Among the oscillation patterns, sinusoidal and figure-eight trajectories resulted in uniform deposition distribution and a refined microstructure, whereas the circular pattern led to fish-scale surface features and coarse grains. The optimal oscillation frequency and amplitude were determined to be 4 Hz and 4 mm, respectively, under which the deposits exhibited high surface quality, no defects other than the depression in the arc extinction zone, and the microhardness remains stable in the range of 280-290 HV. Comprehensive analysis indicates that investigating the influence of these process parameters on the morphology, microstructure, and hardness of DSS2209 single-bead deposits can effectively enhance the overall performance of WAAM-fabricated 2209 duplex stainless steel components, thereby providing a reliable foundation for subsequent multi-layer and multi-bead deposition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.