Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41597664›Full record

ArticleMicroorganisms2026

Urban Wastewater Metagenomics Reveals the Antibiotic Resistance Gene Distribution Across Latvian Municipalities.

Edgars Liepa, Maija Ustinova, Dita Gudra, Ance Roga, Ineta Kalnina, Brigita Dejus, Sandis Dejus, Martins Strods, Laura Elīna Tomsone, Juris Kibilds and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Edgars LiepaLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0009-0003-6872-2819
Maija UstinovaLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0001-7882-397X
Dita GudraLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0002-9446-4521
Ance RogaLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0003-4683-7458
Ineta KalninaLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.
Brigita DejusWater Systems and Biotechnology Institute, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Street 6a, Kurzemes Rajons, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0001-9304-881X
Sandis DejusWater Systems and Biotechnology Institute, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Street 6a, Kurzemes Rajons, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0002-9110-3325
Martins StrodsWater Systems and Biotechnology Institute, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Street 6a, Kurzemes Rajons, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia.
Laura Elīna TomsoneInstitute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment, BIOR Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia.
Juris KibildsInstitute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment, BIOR Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0002-3236-2001
Vadims BartkevicsInstitute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment, BIOR Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0002-6193-7409
Aivars BerzinsInstitute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment, BIOR Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0003-2933-3709
Uga DumpisPauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Iela 13, Zemgales Priekspilseta, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0001-6778-9411
Talis JuhnaWater Systems and Biotechnology Institute, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Street 6a, Kurzemes Rajons, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0001-5985-704X
Davids FridmanisLatvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0003-0310-0448

Funding

CFLA No.5.2.1.1.i.0/2/24/I/CFLA/001Latvian Council of Science VPP-COVID-2020/1-0008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global health threat, with urban wastewater systems serving as key reservoirs for resistance dissemination. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among urban environments, bacterial communities, and AMR patterns, and evaluate the specific municipal-scale drivers of resistance gene distribution. Shotgun metagenomic analysis was conducted on 45 wastewater samples collected from 15 municipalities across Latvia to determine the composition of the resistome and its correlation with local factors. The analysis identified 417 distinct antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) belonging to 108 families, with geographic location serving as the primary driver of ARG distribution, which explained 65.87% of community variation (

Indexed as

antibiotic resistanceLatviametagenomicsresistomewastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)

Identifiers

PMID41597664
PMCPMC12843809

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.